HFNC have been increasingly used for medically unwell children with breathing difficulties, from causes such as bronchiolitis. It can reduce work of breathing and improve oxygenation.
However, its use in pediatric trauma patients is not well studied. It may potentially be better tolerated during pre-oxygenation than a tight-fitting facemask. It can also provide apneic oxygenation during RSI.
Its set-up and use should not delay intubation, if an ETT is required.
It is contraindicated if there is a pneumothorax as it may contribute to barotrauma.